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天一大聯(lián)考“頂尖計(jì)劃”2019高三第二次考試各科試題及答案匯總 附知識(shí)點(diǎn)

作者:編輯 ? 時(shí)間:2019-02-26 ? 瀏覽:人次

天一大聯(lián)考“頂尖計(jì)劃”2019高三第二次考試各科試題及答案編輯已匯總整理,考題由知名專家結(jié)合了2019高考大綱(考試說(shuō)明)并依托最新時(shí)事為背景出的,通過(guò)此次考試,高三的考生可了解自己的復(fù)習(xí)備考情況,同時(shí)也可以作為2019高考復(fù)習(xí)資料。

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附:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞, 用來(lái)修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞或整個(gè)主句,所以,也稱作形容詞性從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。在先行詞 和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。

一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞,并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

A.who

指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money

借錢(qián)給你的那人叫什么名字?(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the man)

He who laughs lst laughs best.

誰(shuí)笑到最后誰(shuí)笑得最好。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞he)

The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.

會(huì)議主席坐在我右邊,他先發(fā)言。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the chairman)

B.whom

指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中,whom可省略或可用who來(lái)代替,但在介詞后面以及在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用whom。

There are some people (whom who)we like and others (whom who) we dislike.

有些人我們是喜歡的,有些人則是我們討厭的。(定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾先行詞people, others)

The people whom who I work with are all friendly.

和我一起工作的人都很友好。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the people)

Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.

昨晚我在電話里和卡特先生交談過(guò),他對(duì)我們的計(jì)劃很感興趣。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用who代替whom)

Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.

兩個(gè)人來(lái)到我的辦公室,我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)他們。(在介詞后面不用who)

C.whose

通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ),后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞。

There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget.

有些人,他們的臉你永遠(yuǎn)難以忘懷。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞people)

I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.

我看見(jiàn)一些樹(shù)的樹(shù)葉由于空氣污染而發(fā)黑。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾行詞trees)

D.which

1.指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)??墒÷?。

English is a language which is easy to learn.

英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)容易學(xué)的語(yǔ)言。(which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),不能省略)

This is a folk song which is now very popular.

這是目前非常流行的一首民謠(which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),不能省略)

The river which flows through London is the Thames.

流經(jīng)倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),不能省略)

The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.

孩子們喜歡我夫人做的餅干。(關(guān)系代詞which作makes的賓語(yǔ),可以省略)

2.which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾前面的整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this。

Jim passedhis driving test, which surprised everybody.

吉姆通過(guò)了駕駛考試,這使大家都感到驚訝。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是整個(gè)主句,而不是the driving test)

Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.

希拉不能來(lái)參加聚會(huì),真遺憾。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是整個(gè)主句,而不是the party)

3.which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)也可以作定語(yǔ)。

John stayed here for a week, dring which time we visited the West Lake together.

約翰在這里呆了一星期,在此期間我們一起游了西湖。

It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.

周末可能下雪,在這種情況下,我們就不去北京了。

E.that

指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who 或whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)??墒÷裕?。

He is the man that lives next door.

他就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the man,作主語(yǔ))

I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.

我不喜歡結(jié)尾悲傷的故事。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞stories,作主語(yǔ))

The dress (that) Ann boughtdoesn't fit her very well.

安買(mǎi)的衣服不太合身。(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the dress,that作賓語(yǔ)可省略)

Is there anything (that) I can do for you

有我能為你效勞的事嗎?(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞anything,that作賓語(yǔ),可省略)

提示:

在口語(yǔ)中,that有時(shí)還可以作關(guān)系副詞,相當(dāng)于when或介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)。

We left the day (that) he arrived. 他來(lái)的那一天,我們就走了。(that替when)

He doesn't see things the way (that) we see them. 他看問(wèn)題的方法和我們不一樣。(that代替in which)

Imagine the speed (that) he drives his car! 很難想象,他開(kāi)車(chē)的速度那么快!(that代替at which)

F.其他關(guān)系代詞

as 和but也可作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

1.a(chǎn)s

as可以在限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

① 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,as可跟在由suc, so, the same修飾的先行詞之后。

Such men as heard him were deeply moved.

聽(tīng)過(guò)他說(shuō)話的人,都會(huì)深受感動(dòng)。(as在定語(yǔ)從句中作heard的主語(yǔ))

I've never heard such stories as he tells.

我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)像他講的這樣的故事。(as在定語(yǔ)從句中作tell的賓語(yǔ))

He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.

他搬起別人都搬不起的大石頭。(as在定語(yǔ)從句中l(wèi)ift的賓語(yǔ))

比較:

在the same as結(jié)構(gòu)中,as也可用that代替。但嚴(yán)格地說(shuō),the same as強(qiáng)調(diào)相同,the same that注重同一。

She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.

她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的衣裙。(as指的是與先行詞相似的同類(lèi)事物)

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.

她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。(that指的是與先行詞同一事物)

② 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,as可代表主句整個(gè)句子,引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。

As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.

眾所周知,臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.

他是南方人,這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。

必背:

一些由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常位于句首,已形成了固定的說(shuō)法。

as is known to all

這是眾所周知的

as has been said before

如前所說(shuō)

as is often the case

情況常常如此

as may be imagined

這可以想象得出

as has been pointed out

正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣

as often happens

這種情況常常發(fā)生

2.but

but作關(guān)系詞只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,同具有否定意思的主句連用,相當(dāng)于that not, who not或which not。

There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more.

我班上沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生不愿意多學(xué)一點(diǎn)的東西的。(but = who?not )

There are very few but are against war

很少人不反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。(but = who?not)

G.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是一種非常常見(jiàn)但也比較復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。

1. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞中介詞的位置

關(guān)系代詞whom, which在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間(that, who不可以),也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面,使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。

He is a man of rich experience, from whom much canbe learned.

= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.

他是個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人,從他那兒可以學(xué)到很多。

The school in which he once worked is a key school.

=The school (which that) he once worked in is a key school.

他曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的學(xué)校是一所重點(diǎn)學(xué)校。

The manager in whosecompany I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.

=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.

我就職的那家公司經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。

2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)

①介詞+whichwhom

This is the famous singerabout whom we have often talked.

這就是那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩摇?/p>

Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.

很幸運(yùn),我們帶了一張地圖,如沒(méi)有的話,我們就會(huì)迷路了。

②名詞+of+ whichwhom

Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 請(qǐng)把那本藍(lán)封面的書(shū)遞給我。(也可用whose cover)

③數(shù)詞+o+ whichwhom

She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.

她有三只幸運(yùn)筆,其中兩只從未用過(guò)。

In our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women. 我校大約有200位教師,其中百分之三十是女教師。

④代詞+of+ whichwhom

In the basket I find many apples, some o which have gone bad.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果,有些已經(jīng)壞了。

There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.

我們班有50個(gè)學(xué)生,其中大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。

Norman won $50,000, half of which he gave to his parents.

諾曼贏得五萬(wàn)美元,他將其中一半給了他父母。

Tom tried on three shirt, none of which he was satisfied with.

湯姆試穿了三件襯衫,都不滿意。

⑤最高級(jí)+of+ which whom

China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 中國(guó)有數(shù)千個(gè)島嶼,其中最大的是臺(tái)灣。

⑥介詞+which+名詞

He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors ad windows.

他通常十點(diǎn)鐘回家,在這時(shí)候他爸爸鎖好所有的門(mén)窗。

His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.

他的妻子病得很重,在這種情況下,他不得不放棄出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。

3.關(guān)系代詞前介詞的選擇

在介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,應(yīng)注意介詞的正確選擇。

① 根據(jù)后面動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

The two things of which they felt prud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.

他們引以為豪的兩樣?xùn)|西是吉姆的手表和德拉的頭發(fā)。(feel proud of是固定搭配詞組)

In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.

在漆黑的街道上沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help是固定搭配詞組)

②根據(jù)與前面名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

I'll never forget the ay on which I first met him.

我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次遇見(jiàn)他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介詞on)

Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used

你能設(shè)想一個(gè)使用這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合嗎?(a situation前面一般用in)

③有時(shí)須同時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。

Galileo made a telescope through which he could tudy the sky.

伽里略制作了一個(gè)望遠(yuǎn)鏡,通過(guò)它他得以研究天空。(study the sky through the telescope)

Is that the house in which you once lived

那就是你曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房子嗎?(live in the house)

④根據(jù)所要表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.

這是我的眼鏡,離了它我什么也看不清。

注意:

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。

I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.

我是你的好朋友,我會(huì)盡我一切所能來(lái)幫你。

The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.

這家人很愛(ài)音樂(lè),他們每月都去聽(tīng)一次音樂(lè)會(huì)。

He is one of the boys in ourclass who speak English well.

他是班上英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好的男生之一。(one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)

He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.

他是班上唯一英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好的男生。(the (only) one the very one the right one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式)

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